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American Council for Cultural Policy (ACCP) was a not-for-profit organization formed in 2002 by a group of politically influential antiquities dealers, collectors and lawyers in the United States, with its headquarters in New York and representatives in Washington D.C.. The goal of the organization was described by Ashton Hawkins as "informing the public on arts issues." 〔Ashton Hawkins, "Preface" in Who Owns the Past? Cultural Policy, Cultural Property and the Law. Kate Fitz Gibbon, ed. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, co-published with the American Council for Cultural Policy, 2005: p. ix.〕 The organization is now defunct and its website (culturalpolicycouncil.org) has been removed from the web. Some of its members now actively take part in (Cultural Policy Research Institute ). The organization has been famous for its views on heritage issues and advocating the lawful circulation of antiquities in a regulated trade that balances the interests of national heritage, archeological preservation and the international interest in cultural exchange by museum loans and the private market. ACCP's treasurer William Pearlstein has described Middle Eastern cultural heritage laws (especially those of Iraq) as "retentionist" and expressed a desire for the possibility of circulation of licensed exported antiquities.〔Andrew Lawler, ("Impending War Stokes Battle Over Fate of Iraqi Antiquities" ) (''Science'' 31 January 2003: Vol. 299. no. 5607, p. 643)〕 Some Archaeologists, academics, and cultural heritage lawyers have found these statements worrisome, as the members of ACCP are politically influential figures. Archaeological Institute of America's (code of ethics ) maintain that its members "refuse to participate in the trade in undocumented antiquities and refrain from activities that enhance the commercial value of such objects. Undocumented antiquities are those that are not documented as belonging to a public or private collection before December 30, 1970 when the AIA Council endorsed the (UNESCO Convention on Cultural Property ), or that have not been excavated and exported from the country of origin in accordance with the laws of that country." (Source: (AIA official webpage )) It is widely believed by many academics that the trade and collectorship of antiquities fuel the looting and destruction of archaeological sites around the world.〔See e.g. Colin Renfrew, ''Loot, legitimacy and ownership: the ethical crisis in archaeology''. London: Duckworth, 2000. Also more recently Neil Brodie and Colin Renfrew, "(Looting and the world's archaeological heritage: the inadequate response )" ''Annual Review of Anthropology'' 34 (2005) 43-61.〕 ==History and the structure of the group== According to published news reports and its (own website ), the ACCP was directed by Ashton Hawkins, former executive vice-president and Counsel to the Trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The group had its inaugural meeting with a 45-people Board of Advisers on 9 October 2002. According to an Art Newspaper article (see below), among them were the antiquities collector Shelby White (see Leon Levy), the former Getty curator Arthur Houghton (a vice-president), the former Kimbell Art Museum director Edmund Pillsbury, and the legal scholar Prof John Merryman. Several lawyers from major museums were also there. William Pearlstein was the treasurer of the group and has also represented the National Association of Dealers in Ancient, Oriental and Primitive Art. Ashton Hawkins, former lawyer of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and current president of ACCP was reported in the Art Newspaper article as stating the following: "We believe that legitimate dispersal of cultural material through the market is one of the best ways to protect it. We're interested in the protection of culture as much as the protection of legitimate collecting.".〔See David D'Arcy, "Legal group to fight "retentionist" policies." (''Art Newspaper'' ). October 24, 2002〕 The ACCP's board of directors included President Ashton Hawkins, Vice President Arthur Houghton, Treasurer William Pearlstein, Educational coordinator Kate Fitz Gibbon and Secretary Arielle Kozloff. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「American Council for Cultural Policy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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